Management and Health Economics (Theory)
Course No.:
BSN 25
Placement:
Second Year
Total Hours:
150 Hours
Total Marks:
100 Marks
Course Description
This course introduces theories, principles, process and functions of nursing management in the hospital, community and institutional settings. This course provides the perspectives of the national health planning and policy, health care delivery system, legal issues, human resource management and emergency preparedness. It also deals with the health economics to the health financing system in Nepal.
Course Objectives
Upon completion of the course, the students will be able to:
- Define the common terms used in leadership and management.
- Discuss the principles and function of management.
- Describe the different roles of the nurse manager.
- Explain the different leadership styles used in management including its benefits and the limitations.
- Explain the management process as it relates to the nursing service in the hospital communities and different health facilities.
- Describe the organizational structure, function and policies of HMG health services and T.U., Institute of Medicine.
- Describe communication process in organizational management.
- Describe the management of Nursing Campus.
- Explain the National health policy and health care delivery system in Nepal.
- Describe the job description of health personnel of various categories.
- Discuss human resource management including personnel/professional development.
- Discuss the management of disaster situation in hospital and in the community settings.
- Explain the role of economic development in planning and implementation of health care in Nepal.
- Explain the principle of economics in production of health manpower in Nepal.
- Identify the problems in economics that affect the quality and quantity of health care delivery system in Nepal.
Syllabus Table of Contents
Quickly navigate to any unit in the Management and Health Economics Syllabus using the links below.
Course Content Details
Unit 1: Introduction to Management 10 hrs
- Terms used in management
- Leadership
- Management
- Organization
- Administration
- Authority
- Power
- Accountability
- Principle of management
- Functions of management
- Planning
- Organizing
- Leading
- Staffing
- Coordinating
- Supervision
- Budgeting
- Reporting and recording
Unit 2: Planning, Policy and Procedure 14 hrs
- Planning
- Definition and purpose of planning
- Benefits and limitations
- Elements of planning
- National health planning: short term and long term health plan
- Planning process: steps of planning
- Reasons for failure of the plan
- Policy
- Definition of policy
- Benefits and limitations of policy
- Characteristics of policy
- Guidelines for development of effective policy
- Nursing policy: Hospital management and community management policy
- Legal implications of nursing policies
- Procedures
- Definition
- Benefits and limitations
- Procedure manuals
- Employment policy and procedure of HMG and Tribhuvan University regarding staff employment
- Employment process
- Criteria for selection
- Salary scale
- Career development opportunities
- Educational opportunities
- Benefits
- Rotation and movement of the staffs
- Evaluation of the staffs performance
- Termination of employment
Unit 3: Organizational Relationship 20 hrs
- Authority and power
- Definition and purpose of organization
- Types of organization: Formal and informal
- Principles of organization
- Elements of organization
- Organizational relationship
- Group dynamics: Definitions, characteristics and advantages and disadvantages
- Conflict: Definition, types and manager’s role in managing organizational conflicts.
- Organizational communication:
- Communicational process (Review)
- Role of communication in organization
- Improving organizational communication
- Delegation:
- Centralization and decentralization of authority
- Delegation of responsibilities, benefit and limitation of delegation
- Patient care assignment: Objectives, principles and methods: Patient-centered, functional and team method
- Organizational structure of health delivery system in Nepal.
- Ministry of health: Organogram
- Hospitals: zonal and district hospital
- Public health offices: Regional, zonal, district health office, primary health care, health posts and sub Health Posts
- Organizational Structure of T.U and IOM,
- Organogram of T.U and IOM
- Faculty board and relationship with MOH and other health facilities
- Campus and its relationship with hospital and other health facilities
Unit 4: Organizational Changes 8 hrs
- Definition of change and change agent
- Need for change
- Resistance to change
- Behaviors favoring change
- Change process
Unit 5: Leadership 8 hrs
- Leadership: Definition, difference between leadership and management
- Functions of leadership
- Leadership styles
- Theories of leadership: Trait theory, behavior and situational theory
- Characteristics of leader
- Approaches to effective leadership
- Leadership role in hospital and community care settings
Unit 6: Monitoring and Supervision 6 hrs
- Definition, purpose and process of monitoring and supervision
- Tools of Supervision, supervision styles and challenges
- Supervision process: planning, implementation and evaluation and the feedback
Unit 7: Personnel Management 14 hrs
- National health policy and health care delivery system in Nepal
- Health manpower planning: Present state and prediction for future.
- Steps of health manpower planning.
- Job Descriptions
- Meaning, objectives and principles and Content of job description
- Job description of different categories health personnel working in health facilities
- Job satisfaction and morale
- Definition: job satisfaction and morale
- Factors contributing to job satisfaction
- Factors affecting job morale
- Effect of morale
- Leadership role in providing job satisfaction
- Discipline of personnel
- Definition
- Importance of discipline
- Causes of indiscipline
- Means of effective discipline
- Principles and guidelines for disciplinary actions
- Evaluation
- Purpose and types of evaluation in management: client care satisfaction. staff performance
- Methods of evaluation
- Use of statistical records
Unit 8: Management of Disaster/ Emergency Situations 8 hrs
- Disaster and types of disaster
- Natural disaster: earth quacks, landslides, flood, fires and famines
- Man-made disaster: war, mass gathering etc.
- Objective of disaster management
- Morbidity and mortality associated with disaster
- Injuries
- Deaths
- Psychological stress (disaster stress syndrome)
- Endemic epidemic of diseases
- Food and water-borne diseases
- Vector-borne disease
- Person to person transmission
- Air-borne disease
- Disaster management plan:
- Preparation of hospital for disaster (pre, during and post)
- Triage and its function
Unit 9: Professional Development 12 hrs
- Definition of profession and its criteria
- Strengths and short comings in nursing profession
- Professional organization
- Nursing council (licensing body)
- Physician/nursing standing order
- Influence of politics in professional development
- Responsibility for personal and professional growth
- Professional correspondence
- Letter of application
- Letter of acceptance
- Letter of resignation
Unit 10: Financial Management 4 hrs
- Budget: Definition, objectives, benefits and limitations of budget
- Classification of budget
- Record Keeping
- Audit: Internal and external
Unit 11: Campus Management 4 hrs
- Organizational structure
- Administrative management
- Finance
- Personnel
- Hostel
- Library
- General
- Academic management
- Curriculum development
- Teaching activities
- Student examination
- Teacher evaluation
- Faculty development
Unit 12: Introduction to Health Economics 6 hrs
- Definition of the common terms used in economics: Goods, Utility, value, production, money, cost, consumption, development
Unit 13: Approaches to Economics 10 hrs
- Macro-economics
- Micro-economics
- Characteristics of developing and industrialized economics
- Relevance of health economics in nursing micro economics
- Tools of health economics
- Scarcity and production
- Supply and demand: Concept and laws of supply and demand
Unit 14: National Income 10 hrs
- Concept of national income
- Factors influencing national income
- Quality and quantity of production
- State of technical knowledge
- Political stability
- Determinants of national income
- Gross national product (GNP) and net national product (NNP)
- Distribution of national income
- Uses of national income data
- National income in Nepal:
- Sources of income: National and foreign aid
- Financial limitation of the government and its effect on health care delivery system
- Solution proposal in the current 5 year plan
Unit 15: Nepali’s Economy and its Effect on Health and Health Care Services 12 hrs
- A. General economic state of Nepal:
- Major occupation: Agriculture, business, industry
- Employment status:
- Employment in general
- Women’s employment
- Children’s employment
- Gross national product and per capital income
- B. Major problems in economics affecting health
- Social system
- Change in life style
- Political influence in health care
- Education
- Literacy rate
- Transportation
- Food and material production
- Health services: equity and efficiency
- Population trends
- Malthus and the Optimum theories of population
- Migration and its effects on health and economy
- Natural disaster
- C. Effect of health related changes on the economy of Nepal
- Increasing birth rate
- Decreasing morality and morbidity rate
- Access to Modern health care facilities
- Population control program
- Primary health care
Unit 16: Payment for Health Care 4 hrs
- Payment system for health care: Govt. and private institutions
- Direct and hidden charges for health care
- Sources of payment: Insurance, medical benefits
Teaching and Evaluation
Teaching/Learning Activities
- Brain storming
- Lecture followed by discussion
- Observation visits to emergency department
- Group work and presentation
Evaluation
- Internal assessment: Written examination and written assignment
- Final Assessment: Written examination
References
- Afful, K. & Vaidya, M. R. (1994). Managing People: A Way of Life
- Basavanthappa, B.T. (2004). Nursing Administration, New Delhi: Jaypee.
- Fallon, L.F and Zgodzinski, E. J. (2005). Essentials of Public Health Management. Boston: Jones and Bartlett Publications.
- Folland, S., Goodman, A.C. & Stano, M. (1997). The Economics of Health and Health Care (2nd ed.). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
- Fulop, and Milton J.R. (1987). Reviewing Health Manpower Development, WHO Public Health Papers 83.
- Gregson, S. & Franton, L. (1983). Management and the Organization, London: William Heinemann Ltd.
- Koontz, H. & Weihrich, H. (1999). Essentials of Management. New Delhi: Tata MeGraq Hill Publishing Company Limited.
- Marquis, B.L., Huston, C.J. (2000). Leadership Roles and Management Functions in Nursing (3rd ed.) Philadelphia: Lippincott.
- Santerre, R. E. & Nelum, S. P. (1996). Health Economics: Theories, Insights and Industry Studies, Chicago: IRWIN.
- Smith, G.T. (1987). Health Economics Prospects for its Future, London: Croom Helm.
- Tripathi PC and Reddy PM, (1990). Principles of Management, New Delhi, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing company Limited.
- Yoder-wise P. S.. (1999). Leading and Managing Nursing, third edition.