NEB Class 12 Business Studies: Complete Syllabus & Notes

Class 12 Business Studies: The Ultimate Syllabus Guide

This guide provides a complete overview of the Class 12 Business Studies curriculum, syllabus, and project works as per the National Curriculum Framework, 2076.

A visual representation for Class 12 Business Studies concepts.

1. Course Description

Secondary Education Curriculum 2076 – Business Studies

Subject code: Bus. 216 (Grade 12)

Credit hrs: 5 | Working hrs: 160

Introduction

Business Studies is a broad subject in the social sciences, allowing the in-depth study of a range of specialties such as accountancy, finance, organisation, human resource management and marketing. The main thrust of the course is to provide knowledge and skills to the students about management and its functions related to business. The content of the business studies of Grade 11 and 12, thus, is a blend of theory and practice of different aspects of business management. For more official details, you can visit the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology resources.

Level-wise Competencies

By the end of grade 12, the students will have the following competencies.

  1. Explain the foundational knowledge of business, including principles and practices of business management.
  2. Identify the ground realities on the operational aspects of business.
  3. Describe key functional areas of business management.
  4. Identify key management functions of a business organisation.
  5. Demonstrate necessary skills to carry out business and office operations independently.
  6. Develop creative behavior to implement noble ideas on business.
  7. Draft business letters.
  8. Prepare a business plan.

2. Detailed Class 12 Business Studies Syllabus

1. Nature of Management (12 hours)
  • 1.1 Management: meaning and essentials
  • 1.2 Management as science, art and profession
  • 1.3 Key management functions: planning, organizing, leading and controlling
  • 1.4 Levels of management

2. Classical Management Perspective (8 hours)
  • 2.1 Scientific management: principles and limitations
  • 2.2 Administrative management: principles and limitations

3. Planning and Decision Making (15 hours)
  • 3.1 Planning: Concept and rationale
  • 3.2 Process of planning
  • 3.3 Benefits and pitfalls of planning
  • 3.4 Types of plans
  • 3.5 Decision making: meaning and importance
  • 3.6 Types of managerial decisions
  • 3.7 Decision making conditions: certainty, risk and uncertainty
  • 3.8 Decision making process

4. Organizing (25 hours)
  • 4.1 Organizing: concept and principles
  • 4.2 Organizing process
  • 4.3 Departmentalization: meanings and bases
  • 4.4 Types of organizational structure: simple, functional, divisional, matrix and committee
  • 4.5 Drivers of organizing: authority, responsibility and accountability
  • 4.6 Centralization and decentralization
  • 4.7 Arguments for and against centralization and Decentralization
  • 4.8 Guidelines for effective delegation of authority
  • 4.9 Challenges for effective delegation of authority
  • 4.10 Differences between delegation and decentralization of authority

5. Leading (8 hours)
  • 5.1 Leading: meaning and importance
  • 5.2 Role of manager as a leader
  • 5.3 Leadership qualities
  • 5.4 Leadership styles: autocratic, democratic and laisses faire

6. Controlling (6 hours)
  • 6.1 Controlling: meaning and importance
  • 6.2 Process of control: Pre-control, concurrent control and post-control
  • 6.3 Essentials of effective control

7. Other Management Functions (22 hours)
  • 7.1 Motivation: meaning and importance
  • 7.2 Techniques of motivation
  • 7.3 Theories of motivation: Maslow’s Theory of Hierarchy of Needs, Herzberg’s Dual Factors Theory
  • 7.4 Supervision: meaning and role
  • 7.5 Factors influencing supervision
  • 7.6 Communication: meaning and importance
  • 7.7 Essentials of effective communication
  • 7.8 Types of communication: horizontal, vertical and diagonal
  • 7.9 Barriers to effective communication

8. Contemporary Issues on Management (16 hours)
  • 8.1 Conflict management: meaning, sources and level
  • 8.2 Talent management: meaning and importance
  • 8.3 Quality management: meaning and components
  • 8.4 Supply chain management: meaning and importance
  • 8.5 Family business management: nature, roles

9. Business Letter Writing (15 hours)
  • 9.1 Business letter: meaning and uses
  • 9.2 Structure of business letters
  • 9.3 Qualities of business letters
  • 9.4 Drafting of business letters: enquiry, order, confirmation, complaint and job application letter

10. Business Plan (8 hours)
  • 10.1 Introduction to business plan
  • 10.2 Significance of business plan
  • 10.3 Contents of business plan
  • 10.4 Formulation of business plan

3. Suggested Practical/Project Activities

  1. (After Unit 4) Students visit some of the organizations of their locality and cite the case of at least one suitable organization with organizing processes. (10 hours)
  2. (After Unit 7) The school shall organize a field visit for the students to a convenient organization of its locality. During the visit, students shall discuss with employees and the managers regarding motivational practices and write a report including the description of appropriate motivational tools and their impacts on the organizational performance. (10 hours)
  3. (After Unit 8) Students prepare a write up, which deals with the understanding of any one contemporary management issue faced by Nepali managers. The paper should include the manager’s opinion regarding applicability, likely benefits and possible challenges. (10 hours)
  4. (After Unit 10) Students prepare a business plan in order to translate their business idea into reality. (10 hours)

4. Chapter-wise Notes

Unit Chapter Name Notes
1Nature of Management
2Classical Management Perspective
3Planning and Decision Making
4Organizing
5Leading
6Controlling
7Other Management Functions
8Contemporary Issues on Management
9Business Letter Writing
10Business Plan

5. Class 12 Business Studies Micro-Syllabus

1. Nature of Management

  1. 1.1 Describe meaning, essentials and nature of management.
  2. 1.2 Describe management as science, art and profession.
  3. 1.3 Describe key management functions.
  4. 1.4 Identify various levels of management.

2. Classical Management Perspective

  1. 2.1 Identify and explain principles and limitations of classical management theories.
  2. 2.2 Identify and explain the principles and limitations of administrative management theory.

3. Planning and Decision Making

  1. 3.1 Describe the meaning, rationale and process of planning.
  2. 3.2 Identify benefits and pitfalls of planning.
  3. 3.3 Describe various types of plans.
  4. 3.4 Describe meaning, importance, types of managerial decisions and process of decision making.
  5. 3.5 Identify and use different decision making conditions.

4. Organizing

  1. 4.1 Describe meaning, principles and process of organizing.
  2. 4.2 Identify meanings and bases of departmentalization.
  3. 4.3 Describe the various types of organizational structure.
  4. 4.4 Explain authority, responsibility and accountability as drivers of organizing.
  5. 4.5 Define delegation of authority and identify challenges for effective delegation of authority.
  6. 4.6 Describe the guidelines for effective delegation of authority.
  7. 4.7 Describe the meaning of centralization and decentralization and make arguments for and against them.
  8. 4.8 Differentiate between delegation and decentralization of authority.

5. Leading

  1. 5.1 Describe meaning and importance of leading.
  2. 5.2 Identify qualities of leadership and describe the roles of manager as a leader.
  3. 5.3 Differentiate between autocratic and democratic leadership.

6. Controlling

  1. 6.1 Explain meaning and importance of controlling.
  2. 6.2 Differentiate among pre-control, concurrent control and post-control.
  3. 6.3 Explain the process of control.
  4. 6.4 Identify and describe the attributes of effective control.

7. Other Management Functions

  1. 7.1 Describe meaning and importance of motivation.
  2. 7.2 Identify and explain various techniques of motivation.
  3. 7.3 Explain the basic features of Maslow’s theory of hierarchy of needs and Herzberg’s dual factor theory of motivation.
  4. 7.4 Describe meaning of supervision and justify its rationale.
  5. 7.5 Identify the roles of supervision in production and productivity.
  6. 7.6 Identify and describe the factors influencing supervision.
  7. 7.7 Describe the meaning and importance of communication.
  8. 7.8 Describe the essentials of effective communication.
  9. 7.9 Identify and explain the types of communication.
  10. 7.10 State the barriers to effective communication and identify the ways to overcome them.

8. Contemporary Issues on Management

  1. 8.1 Describe meaning, sources and types of conflict management.
  2. 8.2 Explain meaning and importance of talent management.
  3. 8.3 Define quality management and identify its components.
  4. 8.4 Describe the meaning and importance of supply chain management.
  5. 8.5 Explain the nature, roles, and business succession in family business.

9. Business Letter Writing

  1. 9.1 Explain the meaning and importance of business Letter.
  2. 9.2 Identify the structure and qualities of business letters.
  3. 9.3 Prepare various business letters including enquiry, order, conformation, complaint and job application letter.

10. Business Plan

  1. 10.1 Introduce business plan.
  2. 10.2 Describe the significance of business plan.
  3. 10.3 Identify the contents of business plan.
  4. 10.4 Formulate a business plan.
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