Characteristics and Examination of Wastewater Notes

6.1 Introduction and importance of characteristics of wastewater.

6.1.1 Physical characteristics and their significance: Colour; Odour; Temperature; Turbidity.

6.1.2 Chemical characteristics and their significance: pH; Solids; Carbonaceous nitrogenous; Phosphorous contents.

6.1.3 Biological characteristics and their significance: Bacteria (Total and Faecal coliform).

6.2 Sampling of wastewater.

6.2.1 Grab, composite, and integrated samples.

6.2.2 Preservation, storing, and transportation.

6.3 Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD).

6.3.1 Definition of BOD and its significance.

6.3.2 BOD in terms of population equivalent.

6.3.3 Derivation of BOD equation.

6.3.4 Rate reaction, ultimate BOD, and relation with temperature.

6.3.5 Relative stability.

6.4 Chemical oxygen demand (COD): Definition, types, and significance.

6.5 Examination of wastewater.

6.5.1 Necessity of wastewater examination (Forms of phosphorous and nitrogen, solid fractionation, fractionation of total organic carbon).

6.5.2 Examination of wastewater: Suspended; Volatile; Fixed and total solids; Settleable and non-settleable solids; Dissolved oxygen (DO); Theoretical oxygen demand (TOD); BOD with and without dilution; COD; Total organic carbon (TOC); Total and Kjeldahl nitrogen; Total phosphorous.