Water Supply Engineering ENCE254: Water Quality

4.1 Types of impurities (Suspended, colloidal and dissolved) and their effects

4.2 Living organisms in water (Algae, bacteria, viruses, worms)

4.3 Water-related diseases (Water borne, water washed, water based, and water vector disease) causes and effects, their transmission routes, and preventive measures (Primary and secondary barriers)

4.4 Physical water qualities and their significance

4.4.1 Solids (Suspended and dissolved)

4.4.2 Turbidity

4.4.3 Color

4.4.4 Taste and odor

4.4.5 Temperature

4.4.6 Health, environment, and engineering significance

4.5 Chemical water qualities

4.5.1 Chemistry of solutions: pH, solubility and pH dependence

4.5.2 Hardness and alkalinity (Lime incrustation in pipeline and customer meter)

4.5.3 Metals: Toxic and non-toxic metals

4.5.4 Pollutants of emerging concerns

4.5.5 Health, environment, and engineering significance

4.6 Biological water qualities

4.6.1 Microorganisms in water and their classification (Oxygen requirement, temperature, disease-causing, life process, and shapes)

4.6.2 Health, environment, and engineering significance

4.6.3 Pathogen’s indicators and their tests (Multiple tubes, membrane fermentation, and standard plate count method), the most probable number

4.7 Standard methods of water quality examination: US- Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), American Public Health Association (APHA) methods

4.8 Water quality standard for drinking purposes (World Health Organization and National)