Class 12 English Short Story A Devoted Son Complete Guide (NEB New Syllabus) | Notes, Exercise Solutions & Summary | Literature
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Welcome to your premier destination for the Class 12 English Short Story A Devoted Son academic syllabus. This complete online textbook companion offers fully resolved answers to all end-of-chapter questions, a detailed summary, and literature context exercises.

Through this comprehensive resource on Class 12 English Short Story A Devoted Son, you will delve into profound literary themes regarding parental ambition, the conflict between filial duty and medical professionalism, and the complexities of caring for the elderly in modern society as depicted by Anita Desai.

To acquire more context on the author and her other literary works portraying Indian family dynamics, you can explore the life and literary history of Anita Desai online.

Access our general index for additional chapters here: Class 12 English Notes.

Class 12 English Short Story A Devoted Son study notes

1. Class 12 English Short Story A Devoted Son: Understanding the Text

Answer the following questions based on the short story.
a. How did the morning papers bring an ambience of celebration to the Varma family?
The morning papers brought an ambience of celebration in the Varma family as it prominently showed that Rakesh had topped the Medical Examination, and it was a massive matter of pride for the family.
b. How did the community celebrate Rakesh’s success?
The community people joyously celebrated Rakesh’s success by visiting his little yellow house at the end of the road. There they congratulated Rakesh’s parents on their son’s remarkable success and congratulated Rakesh himself. The whole house and garden was quickly filled with the sights and sounds of a festival, adorned with beautiful garlands, party clothes, and numerous gifts.
c. Why was Rakesh’s success a special matter of discussion in the neighbourhood?
Rakesh’s success was a special matter of discussion in the neighbourhood because he was the first son in the family to receive a higher education. His parents had sacrificed so much in order to send him to school and then to medical college. It was a matter of extreme pride for the family as well as the neighbours. Furthermore, Rakesh’s exemplary behavior—touching the feet of his father as soon as he saw his results—made his success a special matter of respectful discussion in the neighbourhood.
d. How does the author make fun with the words ‘America’ and ‘the USA’?
Rakesh had won a prestigious scholarship in the USA. His father learned it to be proudly called ‘USA’ and strictly taught the whole family not to refer to it as ‘America,’ as that was the common term used by his ignorant neighbours. In this subtle way, the author makes fun of the father’s newfound elitism regarding the words ‘America’ and ‘the USA’.
e. How does the author characterize Rakesh’s wife?
The author characterizes Rakesh’s wife as an uneducated, old-fashioned, plump girl. She was described as placid, complaisant, and lazy, but at the same time, a too good-natured and pretty fat woman who suited traditional expectations.
f. Describe how Rakesh rises in his career.
After completing his medical education in the USA, he returned and started his career as a doctor in the city hospital. He quickly reached the top of the administrative organization and was made a director. Eventually, he opened his own private clinic and became known not only as the best but also the richest doctor in the entire city.
g. How does the author describe Rakesh’s family background?
Rakesh was from a distinctly poor family who used to live in a village in India. His father worked as a kerosene vendor and his mother spent her entire life working in the kitchen. His grandparents also used to work as humble vegetable vendors. Despite this poor economic condition, his parents worked incredibly hard and sacrificed everything they had for the higher education and medical college of their son Rakesh.
h. What is the impact of Rakesh’s mother’s death on his father?
Rakesh’s father was broken into pieces by the tragic death of his wife. He fell ill so frequently and suffered from a mysterious psychological disease described as a “peevish whim” (sudden irritation in mind) that even his medically advanced son could no longer figure it out.
i. What did Rakesh do to make his father’s old age more comfortable?
Rakesh used to bring his father his morning tea in the old man’s favorite brass tumbler, sit at the edge of his bed, comfortably relax his father’s night-shirt, and respectfully read out the morning news for him. He also used to help his father down the steps and onto the bed, soothing him and settling him down for a night to sleep under the stars.
j. Why did the old man try to bribe his grandchildren?
The old man secretly tried to bribe his grandchildren in order to get them to buy him prohibited sweets and Jalebis from the shop at the crossroads, as his son had strictly restricted his diet.
k. Are Mr. Varma’s complaints about his diets reasonable? How?
I don’t think that Mr. Varma’s bitter complaints about his diets are entirely reasonable. His son had made a strict, scientifically backed diet plan for him so that he could live a longer, healthy life. Rakesh, being a deeply responsible son and an expert doctor, couldn’t allow his father to risk his fragile life by eating unnecessary rich foods and sweets. Rakesh did so because he didn’t want to lose his father, having already lost his mother. Thus, medically speaking, Mr. Varma’s complaints about his diet aren’t reasonable.

2. Class 12 English Short Story A Devoted Son: Reference to the Context

a. How did the Varma couple make sacrifices for their son’s higher education?

Mr. Varma, being a low-wage worker in a Kerosene Dealer Depot, and Mrs. Varma, being a dedicated housewife doing household chores, made an incredible amount of sacrifices for their son’s higher education. Mr. Varma had never even seen how a school looked from the inside, as he had never gone to study.

Therefore, he intensely wanted to fulfill his own unfulfilled dream through his son, and he sent Rakesh to school for a quality education. Rakesh was the first son in the entire family history to receive a formal education. Thus, the Varma couple worked tirelessly and sacrificed their life, time, comfort, money, and everything they possessed for the higher education and medical college of their son for the ultimate betterment of his future.


b. Mr. Varma suffers from diseases one after another after his wife’s death. Would he have enjoyed better health if she had not died before him? Give reasons.

I think yes, he would have undoubtedly enjoyed better health if she had not died before him. He fell ill almost as soon as his wife died. Before the tragic death of his wife, he was enjoying his life with no significant mental harassment or depression, but after the death of his wife, he started spiraling into depression and developed many other psychosomatic mental conditions.

He was broken mentally as well as physically. It is a usual human reaction because when a person with whom you have spent decades—who has become an integral part of your life—leaves permanently, it is obvious to suffer a massive psychological shock. Thus, if she had not died before him, providing him with companionship and emotional stability, he would have enjoyed much better overall health.


c. Dr Rakesh is divided between a doctor and a son. As a son, he loves his father and worries about his weakening health but as a doctor, he is strict on his father’s diet and medicine. In your view, what else could Rakesh have done to make his father’s final years more comfortable?

With no doubt, Rakesh is a good son and a highly inspiring doctor. He did remain fundamentally devoted to his father. However, he is deeply divided between the clinical role of a doctor and the emotional role of a son. In my view, to navigate this better, Rakesh could have been more emotionally polite and respectful in his daily behavior with his father in his final years.

He could have let his old father gently take the lead sometimes and give him a sense of independence and freedom, because old age is a time where parents acutely feel like they are losing control and being left behind. Rakesh could have also given his father some personal psychological space and let him dictate how and when his son helped him, rather than treating him strictly like a hospital patient. His loud, authoritative speaking made his father feel very troublesome, controlled, and miserable. So, if he had spoken to his father softly and in a more yielding, respectful way, he could have made his father’s final years significantly more comfortable.


d. What does the story say about the relationship between grandfather and grandchildren?

Anita Desai’s story Class 12 English Short Story A Devoted Son shows a complex but loving companionship between the grandfather and his grandchildren. There is a playful, unbreakable bond between them. Having a close relation, the grandfather once tried to secretly bribe his grandchildren to bring prohibited Jalebis for him.

He used the natural innocence and slightly mean, impressionable nature of a small kid for his own benefit. Though he genuinely loved his grandchildren very much, due to his desperate “meanness” for sweets, he tried to show his grandson the wrong, deceitful path. For that reason, the relationship between the grandfather and grandchildren was found to be highly innocent, uniquely tricky, trusty, and deeply bonding in the story.


e. Do you call Rakesh a devoted son? Give reasons.

Yes, I definitively call Rakesh a devoted son. He consistently did whatever his parents advised or wanted him to do: he maintained stellar academic performance, accepted an arranged marriage (a crucial part of a boy’s life according to their tradition) without complaint, and also consciously chose to return to his own nation to live with his family, even though he could have easily earned far more money and prestige living in the USA.

Though Rakesh structurally stumbled at some parts of giving his father a “happy” life by being overly strict medically, he always tried his best according to his own knowledge. He always used to carefully separate time for his old father despite being incredibly busy in his successful professional life. He never wanted his father to suffer medically. Hence, I think that Rakesh is a truly devoted son in the absolute sense that he is able to put his own selfish wishes aside for his family’s ultimate betterment.

3. Class 12 English Short Story A Devoted Son: Reference Beyond the Text

a. Write an essay on The Parents’ Ambition for their Children in Nepali Society. You must give at least five examples.

(Here is an essay on parental ambition, written by Diwakar:)

The Parents’ Ambition for their Children in Nepali Society

One of the primary roles of parents is to be a guiding leader for their children. Dedicated, highly motivated parents are usually one of two kinds of leaders: ambitious, forceful leaders or led, guiding leaders. While strict ambition seems like a powerful quality in a leader, it is often flawed because ambition can be unknowingly self-serving. On the other hand, a leader who is a good follower of truth, principles, and a higher moral authority—even if it is inconvenient to themselves or lacks showiness—is a powerful influence for genuine good in the lives of their children.

Parents have immense, sometimes overwhelming ambition for their children in Nepali society. Most parents desperately want their children to be the most successful person in society. For example, they push them to become the best doctor, the wealthiest engineer, a high-ranking government official, a reputed teacher, or an international IT expert. Due to parents’ intense ambition for their children, some children work incredibly hard to achieve this preset destination and succeed at the end.

However, due to this immense pressure, children are often forced to do things totally separate from their own natural interests and blindly follow the paths dictated by their parents to maintain family pride. Because of this, many creative and differently-talented children are severely lagging behind in Nepalese society, suffering from depression and burnout. Thus, while ambition is good, parents should critically listen to the inner voice and personal aims of their children as well for their true betterment in the future.


b. Medicines replace our diets in old age. What can be done to make old ageless less dependent on medicine?

As we get older, the human body inevitably becomes less efficient and much weaker. It cannot fully function the way it used to at a young age, and hence many viruses or systemic diseases easily enter our bodies. At an old age, our immunity system also becomes severely compromised and our body cannot naturally fight or prevent severe diseases. So, to prevent this, heavy medication is often prescribed. Hence, as seen in the story, medicines tragically replace natural diets in old age.

To make the elderly less painfully dependent on medicine, they should consciously do the following things starting from earlier in life:

Exercise daily by running, jogging, playing light sports, dancing, or brisk walking to maintain cardiovascular health.
Eat three nutritional meals a day encompassing all the necessary food groups (complex carbohydrates, proteins, healthy fats, vitamins, and minerals).
Make sure to get enough sleep, ideally 7-8 hours per night, to allow the body to naturally repair itself.
Drink about 10-15 glasses of water a day to prevent chronic dehydration, especially in summer.
Maintain a balanced routine: Don’t sleep too much or too little, because either extreme can lead to chronic fatigue.
Avoid harmful lifestyle habits like smoking, heavy drinking, non-prescription drugs, and excessive sugar intake.

c. Write an essay on “Care of Elderly Citizens” in about 300 words.

(Here is a short essay on elderly care, written by Diwakar:)

Care of Elderly Citizens

The term “elderly” refers to old people who have comfortably crossed middle age. Old age is the inevitable final period of human life. During this sensitive time, a person desperately needs love, emotional affection, and proper physical elderly care. It is deeply said that caring for the elderly is the highest moral duty of every human being. Generally, an old person faces many different, compounding health issues, and thus he or she needs proper, attentive care. The length and quality of an old person’s life depend massively on how much genuine care they get.

Taking proper care of the elderly is not a naive or simple task, but the core needs for the elderly are actually very straightforward. An old man or woman doesn’t have many extravagant material requirements. He or she only needs a little affection, active listening, gentle care, and a warm, homely environment to peacefully spend the final stage of life.

We all should intuitively know how to take care of old people with respect. But in today’s highly busy, modernized schedule, some people coldly consider the elderly a severe burden. They don’t even want to spare a few hours for their parents. Thus, they selfishly prefer to put their old parents in isolated old age homes rather than taking care of them personally. This is nothing but a socially shameful act that destroys the fabric of families. Being human, we all should deeply understand the absolute importance of elderly care. In every country, there are different state laws to protect the elderly, but the elderly care laws can’t truly do anything meaningful if we don’t fundamentally change our own moral mindset and learn to honor the generations that raised us.

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