DESIGN OF TIMBER AND MASONRY STRUCTURES (ENCE 301)

1. Structural Timbers (2 hours)

1.1 Introduction to timber structures

1.2 Characteristics and classification of structural timbers

1.3 Factors affecting the strength of structural timbers

1.4 Grade of structural timbers and permissible stresses

1.5 Cross-laminated timber, glued-laminated timber, nail-laminated timber, and dowel-laminated timber

2. Joints in Timber Structures (4 hours)

2.1 Types of mechanical fasteners: Bolts, nails, screws

2.2 Behavior and design of bolted and nailed joints

2.3 Joint (Connection) detailing

3. Structural Elements of Timber Structures (8 hours)

3.1 Types of timber columns and columns bases

3.2 Design of axially loaded columns

3.3 Design of column subjected to combined bending and direct stresses

3.4 Types of timber beams

3.5 Design of flexural members (Beams and flitched beams)

4. Masonry Structures (4 hours)

4.1 Introduction, history, and use of masonry structures

4.2 Characteristics of brick, stone, concrete block, hollow block, and compressed earth block

4.3 Stone masonry structures: Types and characteristics

4.4 Brick masonry structures: Types (English, Flemish, and rat-trap bonds) and characteristics

4.5 Reinforced and un-reinforced masonry

4.6 Confined masonry

5. Design of Masonry Walls for Gravity Loads (8 hours)

5.1 Codal provisions

5.2 Design of solid walls under gravity loads

5.3 Design of walls with openings

5.4 Design of walls subjected to eccentric loads

5.5 Design of walls acting as columns

6. Masonry Structures Under Lateral Loads (7 hours)

6.1 In-plane and out-of-plane behavior of masonry structures

6.2 Typical damage patterns in masonry structures due to lateral loads

6.3 Ductile behavior of reinforced and unreinforced masonry structures

6.4 Lateral force distribution for rigid and flexible diaphragms

6.5 Design of masonry walls for wind loads

6.6 Elements of lateral load-resisting masonry system

7. Seismic Design and Strengthening of Masonry Buildings (8 hours)

7.1 Seismic behavior of unreinforced and reinforced masonry

7.2 Seismic design principles for masonry construction

7.3 Seismic design of masonry walls: Axial load and bending

7.4 Codal provisions for seismic design of masonry

7.5 Seismic strengthening measures of masonry structures

8. Testing of Masonry Elements (4 hours)

8.1 Compressive strength of bricks and walls

8.2 Diagonal shear test

8.3 Non-destructive tests: Ultra-sonic pulse velocity test; Elastic wave tomography; Semi-destructive tests (Flat-jack test, push shear test)

Connection detailing of timber joints

Design of different types of timber columns

Design of different types of timber beams

Design of solid wall under gravity loads

Design of solid wall with piers

Design of wall with openings under gravity loads

Design of walls subjected to eccentric loadings

Design of walls acting as columns

Design of masonry walls subjected to wind loads

Design of shear wall under seismic loads

1. Arya, A. S. (1992). Masonry and timber structures including earthquake resistant design (Latest Edition). Nem Chand & Bros.

2. Dayaratnam, P. (2017). Brick and reinforced brick structures. Oxford & IBH Publishing.

3. Handry, A. W., Sinha, B. P., Davies, S. R. (1981). An introduction to load bearing brick design (Latest Edition). University of Edinburgh.

4. Drysdale, R. G., Hamid, A. A., Baker, L. R. (1999). Masonry structures: Behaviour and design (Latest Edition). Prentice Hall.

5. Tomazevic, M. (1999). Earthquake-resistant design of masonry buildings (Latest Edition). Imperial College Press.