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Class 12 English Unit 10 Career Opportunities Complete Guide (NEB New Syllabus) | Notes, Exercise Solutions | Language Development
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Welcome to your premier destination for the Class 12 English Unit 10 Career Opportunities academic syllabus. This complete online textbook companion offers fully resolved answers to all end-of-chapter questions and professional writing exercises.

Through this comprehensive resource on Class 12 English Unit 10 Career Opportunities, you will explore deeper meanings of professional development, master the art of CV and application writing, and practice English grammar regarding conditional clauses (if sentences).

To acquire more context on employment terminology and professional growth, you can explore the principles of career development online.

Access our general index for additional chapters here: Class 12 English Notes.

Class 12 English Unit 10 Career Opportunities study notes

1. Class 12 English Unit 10 Career Opportunities: Working with Words

A. Complete the sentences with the correct words.
a. You must learn about 2000 Kanji to develop competence in the spoken Japanese language.
b. I can type both English and Nepali but not as fast as professional typists.
c. When she was in class eight, she got the opportunity to participate in a national painting competition.
d. The Prime Minister gave a long list of his achievement.
e. He spent many years in jail before reaching the position of a minister.
f. About fifty workers were made redundant because of the financial crisis in the factory.
g. He is affiliated to the World Bank as a senior consultant.
h. They registered my application after making verification of my documents.
i. I requested my teacher to be my referee in my CV.
j. To make our country self-sustained in food production is an imperative need at present.
B. Define the following employment-related terms and use them in sentences of your own.
Volunteering: work for an organization without being paid.
Sentence: Volunteering is an easy way to get involved in practical conservation.
On the job training: a practical approach to acquiring new skills.
Sentence: I learned the skills necessary to be a top music producer through on-the-job training.
Career opportunity: a particular job that may be a steppingstone to loftier ambitions.
Sentence: Networking opens a lot more career opportunities and at a faster rate.
Skill development: the method of detecting skill gaps and improving these skills.
Sentence: The social skill development needs to be going on all the time.
Apprenticeship: the position or training of an apprentice.
Sentence: He served his apprenticeship as a fitter.
Career counselling: a type of support provided by career counselors to their clients.
Sentence: They oversee career counseling programs and testing which measures students’ aptitudes.
Credentials: something that gives a title to credit or confidence.
Sentence: His campaign has refused to credential any reporter from that outlet.
Human capital: the economic value of a worker’s experience and skills.
Sentence: Investment in education is seen as the key to improving human capital.
Internship: a period of work experience offered by an organization for a limited period of time.
Sentence: He served his medical internship at Norvic Hospital.
Soft skills: character traits and skills that characterize a person’s relationships with other people.
Sentence: Veterans should be valued for their soft skills more than their hard technical skills.
Minimum wage: the lowest wage per hour that a worker may be legally paid.
Sentence: The country requires a minimum wage because workers paid below the poverty line have an added cost on society.
Recruitment: the action of enlisting new people in an organization or the armed forces.
Sentence: An excellent career opportunity has now arisen with a leading recruitment agency.
Role model: a person looked to by others as an example to be imitated.
Sentence: She was a great role model and indeed a great mentor to me.
Aptitude: a natural ability to do something.
Sentence: He has demonstrated a great aptitude for carpentry skills.
Assessment: the action of making a judgment about someone or something.
Sentence: It’s a difficult problem that requires careful assessment.
C. Based on their pronunciation, divide the following words into two groups so that the vowel sounds rhyme with ‘here’ and ‘hare’.

Group 1: Here /hɪə/

Fear, beer, ear, leer, cheer, sheer, shear, tear (n.), mere, deer, dear, clear, sneer, gear

Group 2: Hare /hɛə/

Fare, fair, bear, bare, care, heir, air, share, lair, chair, tear (v.), mare, dare, snare

2. Class 12 English Unit 10 Career Opportunities: Comprehension Solutions

Answer the following questions.
a. What does a CV mean and why is it important in one’s career?
Curriculum vitae is a Latin term that literally means ‘course of life’. In practice, it is a formal document that sets out a whole host of your personal details, experience, and achievements as they relate to your working life. It is highly important because it provides a crucially important opportunity to reflect on and plan further developments in one’s career. It is strictly needed when applying for jobs, seeking promotion, and trying to get research funding.
b. Does the same CV work for all job opportunities? Why or why not?
Technically, yes, the same CV can work as a base for all job opportunities, but it is much better to make slight tweaks to ensure that the CV specifically highlights your most relevant skills and qualifications on the basis of the exact job description and uses the specific terminology found in the job listing. Customizing your CV vastly improves your chances of being selected.
c. What are the different areas where a CV can help you?
A good CV is required when applying for corporate jobs, seeking promotions, and trying to secure research funding. It helps in academic fields such as when you’re asked to be an external examiner for a course or a research thesis; for institutional audits of teaching and research activity; if your faculty or department has to be validated by an external professional body – in short, in any circumstances in which somebody needs to formally judge your individual professional competence or that of you and your colleagues collectively.
d. What do you mean by ‘staying CV’ and ‘leaving CV’? Which one would you develop for yourself as a freshman?
A ‘staying CV’ is that of the good university citizen or loyal employee, including plenty of internal committee work, administration, pastoral care of students, a heavy teaching load, as well as a credible research record aimed at internal promotion. A ‘leaving CV’ is that which reflects the interests of a prospective new employer outside the institution and will probably highlight external research achievements and transferable skills, while still showing that you are generally competent.

As a freshman seeking to enter the job market for the first time, I would definitely develop a leaving CV to appeal to prospective external employers.
e. How can you draft a good CV?
One can successfully draft a good CV with the constructive help of friends, family, professional mentors, and more experienced colleagues. A basic, standard framework can be used to initially structure your recollections and academic thinking. You should show your draft CV to people who know your work ethic and/or who know exactly what a professional or academic CV should look like and ask them for honest feedback. Through this iterative editing process, you can draft an excellent CV.
f. What is the difference between an academic CV and a non-academic CV?
There are two key fundamental differences between academic and non-academic CVs. One is that academic CVs tend to be quite a bit longer than those of non-academics, and they continuously get longer as an academic’s research and publication career develops. A second, and perhaps more fundamental, difference is that non-academics, especially when they are seeking dynamic middle management positions, are frequently encouraged to make largely unverifiable, persuasive assertions about their soft qualities and leadership skills rather than just listing strictly verifiable academic achievements.

3. Class 12 English Unit 10 Career Opportunities: Critical Thinking Analysis

a. CV may not represent a person’s skills and abilities accurately because one’s confidence cannot be rendered in a paper. What do you think the employers should do to find the best people for the job?

It’s very true that a CV may not represent a person’s practical skills and true abilities accurately because one’s interpersonal confidence, adaptability, and emotional intelligence cannot be easily rendered onto a piece of paper. Employers highly prefer candidates who can communicate effectively, as oral and written communication is a key survival skill needed in almost every modern job.

In my view, instead of solely judging the entire ability of a person by a standardized piece of paper, employers should divide the selection process into dynamic, practical steps. The first step is to get acquainted with the willing participants. Employers can introduce their company culture and conditions to the participants; if the candidates think they can work under those conditions, then they can be invited for further practical processing. The next step is a deep behavioral interview. In this step, the employers should judge the person’s behaviors, on-the-spot problem-solving skills, and their character to determine whether they could perform well under pressure.

Last but not the least step is observing cultural fit—calling the selected candidate to participate in a team setting, like joining colleagues at a weekly Friday lunch where everyone “talks shop”. Employees are ultimately meant to work effectively in a team. So, only one HR person should not take their entire interview. Every key person who is already in the company should get a chance to interact with them and decide whether they can collaborate productively. These holistic, real-world interactions are what employers should do to find the absolute best people for the job rather than focusing blindly on CV metrics.

b. If the employers provide job opportunity by assessing one’s CV, how can fresh graduates compete with the experienced competitors?

In today’s highly competitive global job market, merely having a basic degree and doing good academic work unfortunately may not be quite enough to land you the specific job you desire. In order to get yourself one step closer than other experienced graduates to your dream job, you have to find unique ways to stand out from the crowd and make an unforgettable impression on your potential employers.

For some technical careers, you will be strictly required to have achieved a good degree in a specified area; however, a lot of the time employers are actively looking for much more than just a great set of exam results in their prospective employees. They want dynamic candidates with an adaptable personality and the right, modern combination of soft skills, especially in areas such as interpersonal communication, digital literacy, and leadership potential.

Many fresh graduates have no idea how to write a truly effective, modern CV. Most lazily use the exact same generic resume template and end up having CVs with identical formatting to thousands of others. To make yours stand out as a fresh graduate, you should completely break the mold and be highly creative. If you’re applying for a creative or digital industry, you may wish to opt for something a bit out-of-the-box, such as a visual infographic CV or a digital portfolio link that will really make your application pop visually. Furthermore, fresh graduates can heavily emphasize their hunger to learn, recent internships, and fresh technological skills that older, experienced competitors might lack. By doing this, a fresh graduate can fiercely and successfully compete with experienced competitors.

4. Class 12 English Unit 10 Career Opportunities: Writing Tasks & CV

A. Study the following advertisement. Write an application for one of the positions. Prepare your CV too that suits for the job.

Bharatpur-7, Chitwan.
6th June 2021


To:
The Assistant Director,
MM Construction Pvt. Ltd.,
Satdobato Marg, Lalitpur.


Subject : Application for The Post of Civil Engineer


Dear Sir,

With reference to your advertisement in THE PIONEER on 2nd July inviting applications for the post of a civil engineer under your authority, I beg to offer myself as a highly motivated candidate for the same. My complete qualifications and professional experience are detailed below.

I successfully passed my civil engineering examination from the IOE, Pulchowk Campus in the first division and also attained a degree in B.Sc. Physics (Hons.). I possess an excellent academic career record and have won many prestigious scholarships and awards during my school and college life.

Professionally, I worked in ArEiCon Engineers Pvt. Ltd. – Lalitpur for five years, and during that crucial period, I implemented advanced structural techniques which proved to be highly beneficial to the firm. At present, I have been working with Global Impex International Pvt. Ltd. for the last four years. The job involves extensive administrative and supervisory duties. In recognition of my dedicated services, the company has offered me further incentives in the form of special bonuses. However, this current job does not have much room for upward future growth. So I eagerly seek a challenging job under your esteemed company which will open new, dynamic avenues for my career. I am fully ready to work at any of your operational branches.

I have attached my detailed CV to the email for your perusal and reference. Please have a look at it.

I sincerely hope to meet you and discuss this exciting opportunity further in an interview. Thank you for considering my application for the role.

I may assure you that if I am given the job, I shall work diligently and bring immense value to MM Construction.


Yours Faithfully,

Manoj Poudel

Curriculum Vitae (CV)

MANOJ POUDEL

Pashupati Vision Complex, Ring Road, Kathmandu 44600
T: 01-4113713 | M: 981-234-5678 | E: manojpoudel@gmail.com

PERSONAL SUMMARY

An ambitious and highly dedicated civil engineer with strong practical, analytical, and technical skills and a wide range of hands-on experience within construction engineering and large-scale project management. Possessing a sound, proven knowledge of designing, testing, and rigorously evaluating a design’s overall structural effectiveness, cost-efficiency, reliability, and public safety. Currently seeking a challenging professional civil or structural engineering position and willing to consider permanent contracts.

CAREER HISTORY

SENIOR CIVIL ENGINEER – Global Impex International Pvt. Ltd.

January 2018 – Present

  • Directing complex operational tasks to a multi-disciplined team of staff.
  • Arranging the strategic planning and precise scheduling of construction work.
  • Creating and monitoring comprehensive Monthly Quality Audits.
  • Carrying out rigorous spot inspections on welding, pipe cleanliness, and compression fitting installations.
  • Liaising seamlessly with structural engineers, site designers, local municipal authorities, contractors, and material suppliers.

CIVIL ENGINEER – ArEiCon Engineers Pvt. Ltd.

April 2013 – January 2018

  • Heavily involved in a major public project that included the construction, maintenance, and repair work on national motorways.
  • Designing and actively supervising large-scale motorway maintenance works.
  • Responsible for the structural design and safe development of bridge maintenance schemes.
  • Maintaining strict non-conformance and non-compliance records and site logs.
  • Responsible for absolute quality control of all engineering and legal construction documents.

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE

Civil Engineering

  • Able to deeply understand a client’s specific quality compliance requirements and ensure they are met without fail.
  • Have extensively worked for both demanding public and private sector clients.
  • Excellent interpersonal communication skills; highly able to work closely with both clients and other site specialists such as master architects and building contractors.
  • Proven ability to carry out highly detailed feasibility studies for projects to ensure the most effective and efficient utilization of construction materials, heavy equipment, and manual labour.
  • Vast hands-on experience of using the latest computer software for accurate modeling and design purposes.

Project Management

  • Arranging and authoritatively chairing productive meetings with corporate clients.
  • Ability to seamlessly liaise with key project stakeholders like the clients, regional water companies, the Environment Agency, local government authorities, and utility companies.
  • Directing and managing outside specialized consultants in ongoing construction activities.
  • Assisting accurately in the financial pricing of tender enquiries and asset valuations.

KEY COMPETENCIES AND SKILLS

  • Advanced Structural Design
  • Site Inspections & Audits
  • Strict Quality Assurance
  • Legal Certification
  • Land Surveying
  • Complex Project Management
  • Financial Strategic Planning
  • Feasibility Studies
  • AutoCAD Mastery
  • Modern Highway Design
  • Producing ACAD Plans
  • Active Site Supervision

TECHNICAL SKILLS AND EXPERTISE

AutoCAD, Autotrack, Autosign, Signplot, Microstation 2D & 3D, Inroads.

ACADEMIC QUALIFICATIONS

  • BSC Civil Engineering – IOE, Pulchowk Campus (2009)
  • B.Sc. Physics (Hons.) – (2011)
  • Certification: Introduction to AutoCAD 2012 (Jan 2012)
  • Certification: CIWEM Sewerage and Waste Water Treatment Seminar (Sept 2012)
  • Certification: CDM Regulations 2007 and Legal Compliance (Sept 2012)

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

References: Available immediately upon request.
Driving license: Yes (Full Clean License)
DOB: 1985
Languages: Fluent in English, Nepali, and Hindi

5. Class 12 English Unit 10 Career Opportunities: Grammar (Conditionals)

B. Rewrite the following sentences using the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
a. If you sell your stocks now, you won’t get (not/get) much money for them.
b. A lot of people would lose their job if the factory closed down (close down).
c. Our country won’t have to export wheat if it rains (rain) in November and February.
d. If we had found him earlier, we could have saved (save) his life. (Already completed in prompt, checking logic)
e. If he had not been wearing a helmet, he would have been (be) seriously injured.
f. Unless you follow the instructions, you won’t pass (not/ pass) the exams.
g. I don’t mind walking home as long as the weather is (be) fine.
h. The bank will sanction you the loan provided you deposit (deposit) a collateral.
i. What would you have done (you/do) if you had not got this job?
j. If you had the choice, where would you live (you/live)? (Corrected to 2nd conditional based on “had”)
C. Change the following sentences into ‘if sentences’ as in the example.
a. The driver was talking on the phone so the accident happened.
→ If the driver wasn’t talking on the phone, the accident wouldn’t have happened.
b. There is no anyone at home because all the lights are off.
→ If there was someone at home, all the lights wouldn’t be off.
c. He must be an educated person because he has subscribed ‘The Kathmandu Post’.
→ If he wasn’t an educated person, he wouldn’t subscribe to ‘The Kathmandu Post’.
d. His head was not injured in the accident because he had put the helmet on.
→ His head would have been injured in the accident if he hadn’t put the helmet on.
e. I am sure he passed the exam because he gave a heavy treat to his friends.
→ If he hadn’t passed the exam, he wouldn’t have given a heavy treat to his friends.
f. You didn’t take any breakfast so you are hungry now.
→ If you had taken some breakfast, you wouldn’t have got hungry now.
g. I am sure he is a doctor because he is wearing the white gown.
→ If he wasn’t a doctor, he wouldn’t be wearing the white gown.
h. She is very rich so she drives a Mercedes.
→ If she wasn’t very rich, she wouldn’t drive a Mercedes.
i. I didn’t know it was only half a kilometer from my house, so I booked a ride.
→ If I had known it was only half a kilometer from my house, I wouldn’t have booked a ride.
j. He has hidden something in his mind, so he does not look fresh.
→ If he hadn’t hidden anything in his mind, he would have looked fresh.

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