Engineering Physics Micro Syllabus
Question Pattern Distribution
| Unit | Long Questions (4 marks each) |
Short Questions (2 marks each) |
Very Short Questions (1 mark each) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Oscillation | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 2. Acoustics | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 3. Heat & Thermodynamics | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 4. Optics | 4 | 0 | 1 |
| 5. Electrostatics | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| 6. Electromagnetism | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 7. Electromagnetic Waves | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 8. Photon & Matter Waves | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Total | 12 * 4 = 48 | 4 * 2 = 8 | 4 * 1 = 4 |
Important Examination Notes:
Out of twelve long questions there will be at least five numerical and out of four short questions there will be at least two one step numerical.
Engineering Physics I/II – Course Content
| Chapter | Syllabus | Micro syllabus |
|---|---|---|
| 1.Oscillation (6 hrs) | ||
| 1.1 Physical pendulum | (Prerequisites: Periodic motion, SHM & terminology, Simple pendulum & its time period, uses, rotational motion & I ) 1.1 Differential equation of SHM & solution, description, example in daily life, definition of Compound or Physical or Rigid pendulum, derivation of differential equation with solution, time period, of equivalent length of simple pendulum, problems | |
| 1.1.1 Bar pendulum | 1.1.1 Bar Pendulum, study between time period & length of point of suspension from CG, proof of four collinear points having same time period in a bar pendulum, uses for determination of ‘g’ and ‘K’ | |
| 1.1.2 Interchangeability of point of suspension and point of oscillation | 1.1.2 Concept of point of suspension & oscillation in physical pendulum, proof of interchangeability of point of suspension and point of oscillation | |
| 1.1.3 Minimum time period in case of physical pendulum | 1.1.3 Derive the condition for minimum time period, problems | |
| 1.1.4 Torsion pendulum | 1.1.4 Description, derivation (time period), Uses for determination of ‘η’ and ‘I’, problems | |
| 1.2 Damped and Forced Oscillation | 1.2 Concept of free, damped & forced Oscillation oscillation | |
| 1.2.1 Damped harmonic oscillator | 1.2.1 Derivation of differential equation, with solution, special cases of damping, condition for oscillation, problems | |
| 1.2.2 Difference between free and damped oscillator | 1.2.2 Differentiate with example, relation for frequency of free & damped oscillation | |
| 1.2.3 Energy in damped oscillation | 1.2.3 Expression of Energy in damped oscillation, Energy loss, problems | |
| 1.2.4 Relaxation time | 1.2.4 Definition, graphical representation, Relaxation time: \( \tau = \frac{2m}{b} \) problems | |
| 1.2.5 Forced oscillation and resonance | 1.2.5 Derivation of differential equation for forced oscillation & solution (no derivation), explanation of resonance with mathematical expression | |
| 1.2.6 Sharpness of resonance | 1.2.6 Definition only, factors affecting sharpness of resonance | |
| 1.2.7 Quality factor | 1.2.7 Definition, (no expression derivation), band width, problems | |
| 2 Acoustics (3 hours) | ||
| 2.1 Introduction | (Prerequisites: Sound & its propagation, various sound phenomena, characteristics of sound) 2.1 Introduction to Acoustic phenomena | |
| 2.1.1 Threshold of hearing and loudness | 2.1.1 Sound intensity equation, threshold and loudness of hearing, Intensity level, loudness | |
| 2.1.2 Reverberation and reverberation time | 2.1.2 Definition, relation between sound intensity & time in a room, | |
| 2.1.3 Absorption coefficient | 2.1.3 Definition, perfect absorber, average absorption coefficient | |
| 2.1.4 Sabine’s Law | 2.1.4 Derivation , problems | |
| 2.1.5 Conditions for good acoustics | 2.1.5 Acoustic of building, conditions for acoustics good acoustics | |
| 2.2 Ultrasound | 2.2 Definition | |
| 2.2.1 Production (piezoelectric) of ultrasound and its applications | 2.2.1 Concept of piezoelectric effect & its use for production of Ultrasound with figure, various applications of ultrasound | |
| 2.2.2 Test of structure and materials | 2.2.2 Explanation of test of structure and materials by using Ultrasound | |
| 2.2.3 Medical uses | 2.2.3 Use of ultrasound for medical | |
| 3 Heat and Thermodynamics (8 hours) | ||
| 3.1 Quantity of Heat | (Prerequisites: Heat & Temperature, Specific Heat capacity, Calorimeter & calorimetry, Stefan’s law of heat radiation and Newton’s law of Cooling, thermodynamics & laws, enthalpy entropy) | |
| 3.1.1 Calorific value of Foods and Fuels | 3.1.1 Definition, values for important Foods & Fuels | |
| 3.1.2 Bomb Calorimeter | 3.1.2 Construction with figure, expression for calorific value, problems | |
| 3.1.3 Specific heat of solid: Dulong – Petit law, Einstein’s law | 3.1.3 Specific heat of solid: Classical Theory of Heat Capacity of Solid and Einstein’s Quantum Theory of Heat Capacity of Solid, problems. | |
| 3.2 Nature of Heat | ||
| 3.2.1 Degree of freedom | 3.2.1 Definition (for mono, di, & tri-atomic molecule) | |
| 3.2.2 Maxwell’s law of equipartition of energy | 3.2.2 Maxwell’s Law of equipartition of Energy, problems | |
| 3.2.3 atomicity of gases | 3.2.3 Atomicity of mono, di & tri-atomic Gases | |
| 3.2.4 Vander-Waal’s equation of real gases | 3.2.4Vander-Waal’s Equation of Real Gas
| |
| 3.2.5 Critical constants | 3.2.5 Vander-Waal’s critical constants \[V_C = 3b, \quad T_C = \frac{8a}{27Rb}, \quad P_C = \frac{a}{27b^2},\] problems | |
| 3.3 Thermodynamics | ||
| 3.3.1 Laws of Thermodynamics | 3.3.1 dynamics First and Second law of thermodynamics (review only) | |
| 3.3.2 Clapeyron latent heat equation | 3.3.2 Derivation using thermo dynamical equation relation, applications, problems | |
| 3.3.3 Entropy and Third law of thermodynamics | 3.3.3Entropy with physical concept, equation of change in entropy, third law of thermodynamics statement, numerical | |
| 3.3.4 Negative energy | 3.3.4 concept of negative energy | |
| 3.3.5 Maxwell’s thermodynamic relations | 3.3.5 Internal energy change \[dU = TdS – PdV\] Enthalpy change \[dH = TdS + VdP\] Helmholtz function change \[dF = – SdT – PdV\] Gibb’s function change \[dG = – SdT + VdP\] Derivation of Clapeyron’s latent heat equation from Maxwell’s thermodynamic relations and show that for a perfect gas \[\left( \frac{\partial U}{\partial V} \right)_T = 0\] | |
| 3.3.6 Gibb’s free energy and phase transitions | 3.3.6 Introduction, Internal energy (U), Enthalpy (H), Helmholtz free energy (F), Gibb’s Free Energy (G) Phase transitions (First and second order), problems | |
| 3.4 Heat and Mass Transfer | ||
| 3.4.1 Fourier’s law of thermal conductivity | 3.4.1 Definition and Fourier’s law of thermal conductivity (derivation), problems | |
| 3.4.2 Use of thermal conductivity in building sciences | 3.4.2 Application of thermal conduction in building science | |
| 3.4.3 Thermal resistance | 3.4.3 Thermal resistance and diffusivity | |
| 3.4.4 Types of convection | 3.4.4 Natural and Forced convection | |
| 3.4.5 Law of diffusion | 3.4.5 Law of convection — diffusion differential equation \[D\nabla^2 C – v \cdot \nabla C – \frac{\partial C}{\partial t} + R = 0\] (Three cases explanation also) | |
| 3.4.6 Relation between Stefan’s law and Newton’s law of Cooling | 3.4.6 Derivation of Newton’s Law of Cooling from Stefan’s law of black body r | |
| 3.4.7 Pyrheliometer and Pyrometer | 3.4.7 Pyrheliometer, Radiation Pyrometer (Construction & working principle) | |
| 4 Optics (17 hours) | ||
| 4.1 Geometrical optics | (Prerequisites: Thin Lens formula, Images in lens, Lens Maker’s formula, combination of lenses in contact, chromatic aberration in a lens, achromatism, Interference, condition for constructive & destructive interference, Young’s double slit expt. & fringe width, basic concept of diffraction & polarization) | |
| 4.1.1 Lens separation | 4.1.1 Derivation of equivalent focal length of combination of two lenses separated at a distance, principal points & planes, numerical | |
| 4.1.2 Chromatism in lens combination | 4.1.2 Application of Chromatic aberration in a lens for derivation of condition of achromatism of two lenses separated at a distance (Calculus method only), for describing circle of least confusion & derivation of its diameter. problems | |
| 4.2 Interference | ||
| 4.2.1 Interference in thin films (reflected and transmitted light) | 4.2.1 Derivation for path difference between two consecutive light radiations in thin film due to reflected & transmitted radiations \[ \Delta = 2\mu t \cos r \pm \frac{\lambda}{2} \] and application for interference dark and bright fringes, numerical | |
| 4.2.2 fringes produced by a wedge-shaped thin film | 4.2.2 Description with figure, derivation for fringe width \[ \beta = \frac{\lambda D}{d} \] numerical | |
| 4.2.3 Newton’s rings (both reflected and transmitted case) | 4.2.3 Description with experimental arrangement, application of interference fringes produced by a wedge-shaped thin film, derivation for radius of dark and bright rings \[ r_n = \sqrt{n\lambda R} \] numerical | |
| 4.2.4 Determination of wavelength of light and refractive index of liquid by using Newton’s rings. | 4.2.4 Application of derivation for diameter of dark and bright Newton’s rings \[ D_n^2 = 4n\lambda R \] for determination of wavelength of light used & refractive index of a liquid, numerical | |
| 4.3 Diffraction | ||
| 4.3.1 Introduction: Fresnel and Fraunhoffer’s diffraction | 4.3.1 Definition, Difference between Fresnel and Fraunhoffer’s diffraction | |
| 4.3.2 Fraunhoffer’s diffraction at single slit | 4.3.2 Explanation with figure to obtain diffraction maxima and minima \[ a \sin\theta = n\lambda \] derivation for width of central and other maxima in diffraction | |
| 4.3.3 Intensity distribution in the diffraction pattern due to a single slit | 4.3.3 Intensity distribution in the diffraction pattern due to a single slit | |
| 4.3.4 Multiple slits, diffraction grating | 4.3.4 Explanation of diffraction through multiple slits (not in detail), diffraction grating, derivation for principal maxima in diffraction grating, numerical | |
| 4.3.5 X-ray diffraction, X-rays in material testing | 4.3.5 Explanation of X-ray diffraction and uses for material testing | |
| 4.4 Polarization | ||
| 4.4.1 Introduction: double refraction, Nichol prism (construction and uses) | 4.4.1 Calcite Crystal (explanation with figure), optic axis, double refraction, Nichol prism (construction and use as polarizer and analyzer) | |
| 4.4.2 Retardation plate (quarter and half wave plates), plane, elliptical and circular polarized light (theoretical and mathematical explanation) | 4.4.2 Definition, expression for thickness, plane, elliptical and circularly polarized light (theoretical and mathematical explanation), problems | |
| 4.4.3 Optical activity, specific rotation | 4.4.3 Optically active substance & optical activity, specific rotation of optical active substance \[ [\alpha] = \frac{\alpha}{l \times c} \] (mathematical expression only) | |
| 4.5 Laser | ||
| 4.5.1 Introduction: Laser and ordinary light, properties of laser | 4.5.1 Definition, differences between Laser and ordinary light | |
| 4.5.2 Induced absorption, spontaneous and Stimulated emission, active medium, population inversion, metastable state | 4.5.2 Explanation of various terminology used in Laser | |
| 4.5.3 Pumping (types: optical, electrical, chemical and heating) | 4.5.3 Definition of pumping and its types only | |
| 4.5.4 He-Ne laser, semiconductor Laser | 4.5.4 He-Ne laser (Construction & working principle with energy diagram), semiconductor Laser (introduction only) | |
| 4.5.5 Uses of laser | 4.5.5 Uses of laser | |
| 4.6 Fiber Optics | ||
| 4.6.1 Introduction: Propagation of light wave | 4.6.1 Introduction, Propagation of light wave due to total internal reflection | |
| 4.6.2 Types of optical fiber: step index and graded index | 4.6.2 Types of optical fiber | |
| 4.6.3 Fiber transmission – single and multimode, self focusing, acceptance angle and numerical aperture | 4.6.3 Fiber transmission, single and multimode, self-focusing, derivation of acceptance angle and numerical aperture \[ NA = \sqrt{n_1^2 – n_2^2} \] problems | |
| 4.6.4 Applications | 4.6.4 Applications | |
| 5 Electrostatics (8 hours) | ||
| 5.1 Electric Field | Prerequisites: Electric charges, nature, electric field, electric potential due to a point charge, capacitor and capacitance, parallel plate capacitor, factors affecting capacitance, energy stored in capacitor, dielectric | |
| 5.1.1 Electric field due to a electric dipole (along axial line and equatorial line) | 5.1.1 Definition, figure, examples, mathematical expression \[ \vec{E} = \frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0}\frac{q}{r^2}\hat{r} \] relation between electric potential & field, comparison (along axial and equatorial line), problems | |
| 5.1.2 Electric dipole in an external electric field | 5.1.2 Mathematical expression only and problems | |
| 5.1.3 Electric field due to linear electric quadrupole (along axial line) | 5.1.3 Definition, figure, example, mathematical expression (along axial line), problems | |
| 5.1.4 Electric field: a ring of charge, circular ring and disc of charge | 5.1.4 Derivation with figure for electric field due to a ring of charge \[ E = \frac{kQz}{(R^2 + z^2)^{3/2}} \] condition of maximum intensity, problems. Derivation with figure for electric field due to a disc of charge, condition of an infinite sheet (one side of non-conductor). problems | |
| 5.2 Electric Potential | ||
| 5.2.1 Potential due to electric dipole | 5.2.1 Derivation with figure, special cases, problems | |
| 5.2.2 Potential due to linear quadrupole | 5.2.2 Derivation with figure, (along axial line only), problems | |
| 5.2.3 potential due to continuous charge distribution, potential due to ring | 5.2.3 Mathematical expression only for electric potential due to continuous charge distribution, Derivation with figure for electric potential due to ring of charge, problems, Derivation with figure for electric potential due to disc of charge, problems | |
| 5.3 Capacitors | ||
| 5.3.1 Cylindrical Capacitor | 5.3.1 Use of general steps to determine the capacitance of cylindrical capacitor \[ C = \frac{2\pi\epsilon l}{\ln(b/a)} \] Energy stored in electric field and energy density in electric field, problems | |
| 5.3.2 Charging and discharging of capacitor | 5.3.2 Mathematical expression for instantaneous charge during charging and discharging of capacitor \[ q = Q(1-e^{-t/RC}) \] graphical representation, problems | |
| 5.3.3 Capacitor with dielectrics: dielectrics and Gauss law | 5.3.3 Polar and non-polar dielectrics, explanation of effect of dielectric in capacitor, Gauss’s law and (D = εE + P), Supercapacitor: Construction, properties and application of supercapacitors | |
| 5.3.4 High intensity electrostatic fields: uses and hazards (xerography, inkjet, precipitation) | 5.3.4 Application of high intensity of electrostatics fields and hazards (xerography, inkjet, precipitation) | |
| 6 Electromagnetism (6 hours) | ||
| 6.1 Electromagnetic induction | (Prerequisites: Magnetic effect of current, Biot-Savart’s law & its application, concept of electromagnetic induction) | |
| 6.1.1 Faraday’s laws | 6.1.1 Statement & derivation, Physical interpretation of induced electric field | |
| 6.1.2 Induction and energy transformation | 6.1.2 Introduction, derivation and interpretation, problems | |
| 6.1.3 Induced electric field | 6.1.3 Definition, mathematical expression | |
| 6.1.4 Self-induction and mutual induction | 6.1.4 Concept of Self and Mutual induction, mathematical expression \[ L = \frac{N\Phi}{I} \] Self-induction of Solenoid and Toroid, problem | |
| 6.1.5 LR circuit | 6.1.5 LR Circuit, growing and decay current with mathematical and graphical explanation \[ I = I_0(1-e^{-Rt/L}) \] problems | |
| 6.1.6 Energy stored in a magnetic field and energy density | 6.1.6 Mathematical expression, problems | |
| 6.1.7 Induced magnetic field: modified Ampere’s law and displacement current | 6.1.7 Mathematical expression, problems | |
| 6.2 Eddy Current | ||
| 6.2.1 Introduction | 6.2.1 Introduction | |
| 6.2.2 Applications: Induction cooker, Electric Guitar, Metal Detector and Eddy Current Breaking | 6.2.2 Applications of eddy current: Induction cooker, Electric Guitar, Metal detector and Eddy current Breaking (only physical explanation) | |
| 6.2.3 Cyclotron and Synchrotron | 6.2.3 Cyclotron (Working principle & derivation \[ \omega = \frac{qB}{m} \] problems) and Synchrotron (only physically explanation) | |
| 7 Electromagnetic waves (6 hours) | ||
| 7.1 Maxwell’s Equations | ||
| 7.1.1 Differential and integral forms | 7.1.1 Mathematical expression, physical interpretation \[ \nabla \times \vec{E} = -\frac{\partial \vec{B}}{\partial t} \] | |
| 7.1.2 Conversion of Maxwell’s equations from integral form to differential form and differential form to integral form | 7.1.2 Conversion of Maxwell’s equations from integral form to differential form only, differential form to integral form (only elaborate and detail conservation not necessary) | |
| 7.1.3 Maxwell’s equations in different media | 7.1.3 Maxwell’s equations in free space, non-conducting and Conducting medium \[ \nabla \cdot \vec{D} = \rho_f \] | |
| 7.2 Applications | ||
| 7.2.1 Wave equations: non conducting and conducting medium and free space | 7.2.1 Derivation of wave equations: non conducting and conducting medium and free Space \[ \nabla^2 \vec{E} = \mu\epsilon\frac{\partial^2 \vec{E}}{\partial t^2} \] | |
| 7.2.2 Plane solution of wave equations, amplitude of electromagnetic waves, speed of electromagnetic waves, ratio of electric and magnetic fields | 7.2.2 Derivation of plane solution of wave equations in free space, in conducting & non-conducting (expression only), amplitude of electromagnetic waves, speed of electromagnetic waves (free space) \[ c = \frac{1}{\sqrt{\mu_0\epsilon_0}} \] ratio of electric and magnetic fields (Derivation), problems | |
| 7.2.3 Continuity equation | 7.2.3 Introduction and derivation using Maxwell’s equations | |
| 7.2.4 Energy transfer and Poynting vector, Radiation pressure | 7.2.4 Introduction & derivation to average pointing vector \[ \langle S \rangle = \frac{1}{2}E_0H_0 \] problems, Radiation pressure (mathematical expression) \[ P = \frac{I}{c} \] problems | |
| 8 Photon and matter waves (6 hours) | ||
| 8.1 Quantum Physics | ||
| 8.1.1 Inadequacy of classical mechanics and rise of quantum mechanics,Quantization of energy | 8.1.1 Inadequacy of classical mechanics, explanation & examples of quantum phenomena, concept of quantization of energy | |
| 8.1.2 Group velocity and phase velocity, electrons and matter waves | 8.1.2 Definition, explanation and mathematical relation \[ E = h\nu \] | |
| 8.1.3 de-Broglie wavelength, its applications | 8.1.3 Expression, applications, problems \[ \lambda = \frac{h}{p} \] | |
| 8.1.4 Heisenberg uncertainty principle and its applications | 8.1.4 Expression, applications, problems \[ \Delta x \Delta p \geq \frac{\hbar}{2} \] | |
| 8.1.5 Wave functions and its significance | 8.1.5 Definition, physical significance | |
| 8.2 Schrodinger wave equation | ||
| 8.2.1 Time dependent and independent equation | 8.2.1 Derivation of time-independent and time-dependent Schrodinger wave equation (1-D) \[ -\frac{\hbar^2}{2m}\nabla^2\psi + V\psi = E\psi \] | |
| 8.2.2 Probability distribution | 8.2.2 Explanation of normalization and probability density \[ \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} |\psi|^2 dx = 1 \] | |
| 8.2.3 One dimensional infinite potential well, particle in a box | 8.2.3 Derivation, Energy eigen value and eigen function, Discrete energy states diagram, problems \[ E_n = \left(n + \frac{1}{2}\right)\hbar\omega \] | |
| 8.2.4 Barrier tunneling (reflection and transmission coefficient) | 8.2.4 Explanation, expression for transmission and reflection coefficient (no derivation), problems \[ T = \frac{4k_1k_2}{(k_1 + k_2)^2} \] |