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Class 12 English Essay Human Rights and the Age of Inequality Complete Guide (NEB New Syllabus) | Notes, Exercise Solutions & Summary | Literature
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Welcome to your premier destination for the Class 12 English Essay Human Rights and the Age of Inequality academic syllabus. This complete online textbook companion offers fully resolved answers to all end-of-chapter questions and literature context exercises.

Through this comprehensive resource on Class 12 English Essay Human Rights and the Age of Inequality, authored by Samuel Moyn, you will explore profound themes of social justice, historical declarations, the political economy, and the systemic challenges facing modern equality movements.

To acquire more context on the historical elements depicted in the essay, you can explore the history of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights online.

Access our general index for additional chapters here: Class 12 English Notes.

Class 12 English Essay Human Rights and the Age of Inequality study notes

1. Class 12 English Essay Human Rights and the Age of Inequality: Understanding the Text

Answer the following questions based on the essay.
a. What is the first human rights declaration adopted by the United Nations?
The first human rights declaration adopted by the United Nations is mobilization for economic and social rights.
b. When is Human Rights Day observed?
Human rights day is officially observed on the 10th of December every year globally.
c. What is the goal of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?
The primary goal of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is to assure the most basic entitlements and key values of human welfare and rights, such as equality, dignity, freedom, fairness, and absolute respect. Also, its broader goal is to assert justice and maintain peace in the world alongside building a strong foundation of freedom.
d. What are two big stages that involve writing the history of human rights about that of political economy?
The two big stages that involve writing the history of human rights concerning the political economy include the heroic age of national welfare right after the catastrophic condition of World War II, and the bitter enemies/rivalries of the new Cold War era that emerged around 1948.
e. What are the facts that have been missed in Roosevelt’s call for a “second Bill of Rights”?
The crucial facts that have been missed in Roosevelt’s call for a “second Bill of Rights” are:

– It marked a provincial America’s late and ginger entry into a North Atlantic consensus which was already foreordained.
– His highest promise was combating “special privileges for the few” instead of just standard protection of the masses, essentially aiming to create a ceiling of inequality.
– He hoped that it would encompass the globe, but ultimately it was organized nationally instead of being organized internationally.
f. Write the truth expressed in Herodotus’s Histories.
The truth expressed in Herodotus’s Histories is to assure global socio-economic justice as well as local socio-economic justice. The historical truth highlights that achieving this would strictly require the active redistribution of wealth from the rich to the poor, facilitated by novel forms of legal activism.
g. Why is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights important to you?
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is important to me as it assures the basic, undeniable rights of all humans and provides a framework for justice, equality, and equity for all human beings equally. Its core importance lies in its aim to permanently remove injustice, partiality, discrimination, severe inequality, and numerous other inhuman behaviors from our society.

2. Class 12 English Essay Human Rights and the Age of Inequality: Reference to the Context

a. Does the essay give ways on how to stigmatize inequality? Explain.

The essay “Human Rights and the Age of Inequality” written by Samuel Moyn is an analytical piece briefing about how the modern concept of human rights arose and what it has historically brought to human welfare. The essay largely focuses on the conceptual stigmatization of inequality rather than giving specific, actionable ways on exactly how to stigmatize inequality.

History demonstrates to us that there are often the “wrong kinds of agents” who are not fearful or bold enough to provoke genuine wealth redistribution. Moyn implies that surely, formidable opponents will arise someday if unchecked inequality continues to grow like this.

Thus, the need for justice and equality is constantly in demand. The new human rights movement sorted out different views so that the common people can actively bring about and justify social equality and liberation. It is considered very necessary to remove partiality and discrimination by proper supervision, persistent monitoring, and enacting strict laws. For the overall welfare of common people and all human beings, massive economic inequality must be removed, as it is rightfully believed to be a severe stigma for a functioning society.

b. Is another human rights movement necessary? Why?

In my opinion, another robust human rights movement is absolutely necessary today. As the essayist observes that human rights are currently functioning under various new forms of political and economical suppression, I strongly agree with that critical point. He wishes to see other dedicated human rights movements emerge in the coming days due to many unresolved systemic reasons.

The people with immense political and economical power, and those in higher positions, are frequently violating the law with impunity. In broader human affairs, true equality has still been contained and suppressed. The toxic practice of nepotism and favoritism is still heavily in use, and it has actively suppressed different new ideas, talents, and opportunities for marginalized individuals. More than that, overwhelming political and social hegemony is still highly prevalent globally.

Too often, laws and rights are only documented on paper rather than being vigorously taken into practice. And the major pressing issue is the rigid classification of society based heavily on their economic conditions—the drastic divide between the ultra-rich or desperately poor—which has brought massive systemic injustice and inequality. Thus, the pressing need for another comprehensive human rights movement is irrefutably true.

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